We start with interaction functions remembering what you studied last year and I guess you have already known
What is interaction ?
All living beings interact with their environment and with other living beings to survive. lnteraction enables living beings to receive and respond to a stimulus.
Stimuli. These are detectable changes in the internal or external environment. They provoke responses. Stimuli can be:
Physical: light, sound, temperature, pressure, etc.
Chemical: the presence or absence of chemical substances
Biotic: changes caused by the presence of other living beings
• Receptors. These are structures which receive stimuli from the external or internal environment. In animals, the receptors are the sense organs.
• Coordination systems. These consist of organs which process information received by the receptors and produce a response.
• Responsive organs, also called effectors. These are structures which produce responses, such as muscles and glands in animals.

• The nervous system regulates the body's activities and responses. lt works by means of specialised cells called neurons which transmit information in the form of nerve impulses.
• The endocrine system regulates and coordinates the body functions by means of chemical substances called hormones.
In animals, stimuli are processed and analysed quickly. Responses are immediate.
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